Lecture 16

       Lecture 16: The 2^nd Style Phasing at Pompeii

1. Style IA- House of the Griffins 80-60 B.C.
   1. Introduction of the 2^nd plane
   2. Wall goes from closed to open
   3. Lighting parallels actual light source
   4. Tripartite vertical & horizontal divisions
   5. Scale and cube decorations trompe l’oeil

2. Style 1B- Villa of the Mysteries 12 rooms 60-50 B.C.

1. Upper Wall starts to open often
2. Room glimpsed beyond this room
3. View into another colonnade & tholos views
4. Single vanishing point on one side occurs
5. Less emphatic colors used in the distance
6. Increased perspective views
7. More virtuosity
8. Vorhang Style begins- curtains
9. Can be 3 or even 4 planes of vista architecture
10. Large figural friezes popular

3. The Villa of the Mysteries – Villa Urbana at Pompeii

1. The Ordeal of a Bride – initiate into the rites of Dionysus

2. Sequence of Events- Programmatic Painting arranged by wall

1. Hieros Logos

2. Pan and Panisca

3. Unveiling of the phallus

4. Satyr

5. Lekantomanteia – mirror image, purification

6. Dionysus and Ariadne – Pergamene Baroque style

7. Hagesandros, Athanodoros and Polydoros of Rhodes

8. Ritual flagellation – late Hellenistic style, influence of Praxiteles

1. Vanth

10. Cupid and Love and Psyche

11. The Domina

3. SECOND STYLE PHASE 1B
   
   1. Upper wall begins to open up
   2. One vanishing point on 1 side, less emphatic distance colors
   3. More perspective views
   4. Vorhang (curtains) begin
   5. Tholoi popular and courtyard views
   6. Figural friezes appear occasionally

4. Style 1C- Villa of Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale 40s BC

1. Whole wall elaborately dissolved
2. Increasingly overelaborate and functionless
3. Lots of doors framed by columns
4. Exotically ornamed doors- gems, tendrils
5. Increased fantasy, sitting, dangling creatures
6. Vivacious acroteria and decorative geegaws
7. Upper wall can also recede into illusionistic vistas
8. Independent accessories- masks, shields
9. Architectural parallels- Theater of Pompey
10. Transport owner into world of magic luxury of Hellenistic royal courts and mansions of Crassus, Lucullus and Sulla (J. Engemann)
11. H. G. Beyen- Influence of theater and set painting
12. Vitruvius- Comic, tragic, satyr plays
13. Karl Schefold- influence of Baroque Ptolemaic Egypt

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