Lecture 15: Rome in the Hellenistic Period (300-30 B.C.)
A. Time Line
1. The Archaic Period 600-500 B.C.- Rome is under the Etruscans
2. The Classical Period 500-300 B.C.-- Rise of the Roman Republic from 509 B.C.
3. The Hellenistic Period 300- 30 B.C.- Rise of Rome as Mediterranean power
4. The Roman Republic 509-30 B.C.
5. The Roman Empire 30 B.C.- 4th century A.D.
B. Changes in the Forum
1. The Comitium and the Rostra
2. Gaius Maenius- 338 B.C., early gladiator combats, maeniana
3. Ousting of the butchers, shops added on the south, bankers and money changers
4. Forum Boarium
5. Forum Holitorium
C. Forum Life
1. Latrinum
2. Weights and measures- mensa ponderaria
3. Manumission of slaves
4. Triumphs
5. Public sacrifices
6. Funerals
7. Professional readers, philosophers, prostitutes
D. Roman Expansion to control all of Italy
1. 327-283 B.C.- the Samnite Wars
2. South Italy and Etruria versus Rome- 282 B.C. Tarentum vs. Rome
3. A Pyrrhic Victory- Pyrrhus of Epirus
E. The Castrum [view two illustrations of The Castrum showing arched entries and an aerial view]
1. Polybius- Greek historian and general captured 166 B.C.
2. Via Praetoria
3. Via Principalis
4. Via Quintana
5. Praetorium- praetorian guard
6. Quaestorium
7. Augural
8. Socii- footmen and horsemen allies
9. Hastati- the first line
10. Principes- second line
11. Triarii- third line
12. Forum Area- equites and tribunal
13. 12 tribunes
14. Praefectus Castrorum- 3 signals
15. Legion- 28 under Augustus each with 5000 foot soldiers, 120 horsemen
16. Legatus
17. Vexillum
18. Paludamentum